Use of compounds comprising a nitrogen-oxygen heterocycle

ABSTRACT

Die invention relates to the use of compounds of the general formula (I)  
                 
 
     wherein Y is a C 1-3 -alkenylene group,  
     wherein B is selected from the group, which consists of C 1-26 -alkenylene groups, wherein one C-atom is replaced by an oxygen atom and one C-atom is replaced by a sulphur atom or two C-atoms may be replaced by a S-heterocycle, and  
     wherein X represents the organo phosphorous group  
                 
 
     or the amino group  
                 
 
     for inhibition of the 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate-(DOXP)-metabolic pathway, use thereof as a herbicide and for the preparation of a pharmaceutical preparation as well as a method for the therapeutic and prophylactic treatment of infections in humans and animals, caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites.

[0001] This invention relates to the use of compounds comprising a nitrogen-oxygen heterocycle as an active ingredient and the salts, esters and salts of the esters thereof and for the therapeutic and prophylactic treatment of infections in humans and animals, caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites, as well as the corresponding treatment and the thereof as a herbicide.

[0002] In U.S. Pat. No. 4,209,512 phosphono acid derivatives comprising a nitrogen-oxygen heterocycle are disclosed as insecticides and acaricides.

[0003] It has now been found, surprisingly, that compounds according to claim 1 comprising a nitrogen-oxygen heterocycle may be used as an active ingredient for treatment of the above stated infections and as a herbicides. It has been shown by experiments, that the effect of the compounds is based on an inhibition of the 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate-(DOXP) metabolic pathway, which can be proved in inicro-organisms and plants, but not for human beings. Accordingly, the compounds according to the present invention show an anti-infectious effect against viruses, bacteria, fungi, uni- and multicellular parasites and as herbicides. Further developments of the invention are defined by the subclaims.

[0004] Compounds used according to the present invention correspond to the general formula (I):

[0005] in which Y is a C₁₋₃ alkenylene group, substituted with the substituents R₁ and R₂ and optionally with the substituents R₃ to R6,

[0006] in which R₁ to R₈ are the same or different and are selected from the group, which consists of hydrogen, hydroxy, halogen, substituted and unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted and unsubstituted cycloalkyl (C₀₋₂₆)-alkyl groups, substituted and unsubstituted cycloalkoxy (C₀₋₂₆) alkyl groups, substituted and unsubstituted alkoxy (C₀₋₂₆)-alkyl groups, substituted and unsub- stituted amino groups and substituted, unsubstituted thio (C₀₋₂₆)-alkyl groups, substituted and unsubstituted sulfonyl-(C₀₋₂₆)-alkyl groups, substituted and unsubstituted sulfinyl-(C₀₋₂₆)-alkyl groups and substituted or unsubstituierten acyl radicals, in which each alkyl radical, each alkoxy radical and each acyl radical branched or unbranched and each alkyl radical, each alkoxy radical and each cycloalkyl group may be saturated or unsaturated having one or more double or triple bonds and one or two carbon atoms of the cycloalkyl groups may be replaced by nitrogen, oxygen or sulphur atoms and

[0007] R₁₃ and R₁₄ are defined like R₁ to R8 or together form an oxo group,

[0008] wherein X is the organo phosphorous group

[0009] in which R₉ and R₁₀ are the same or different and are selected from the group, which consists of hydrogen, substituted and unsubstituted (C₁₋₂₆)-alkyl groups, substituted and unsubstituted hydroxy-(C₁₋₂₆)-alkyl groups, substituted and unsubstituted cycloalkyl-(C₀₋₂₆)-alkyl groups, substituted and unsubstituted acyl, halogen, OX₉ or OX₁₀, in which each alkyl radical, each alkoxy radical and each acyl radical branched or linear and each alkyl radical, each alkoxy radical and each cycloalkyl group saturated or may be unsaturated having one or more double or triple bonds and one or two carbon atoms of cycloalkyl groups may be replaced by nitrogen, oxygen or sulphur atoms, wherein X₉ or X₁₀ may be the same or different and are selected from the group, which consists of hydrogen, substituted and unsubstituted (C₁₋₂₆)-alkyl groups, substituted and unsubstituted hydroxy-(C₁₋₂₆)-alkyl groups, substituted and unsubstituted cycloalkyl-(C₀₋₂₆)-alkyl groups, substituted and unsubstituted acyl, silyl, a cation of an organic and inorganic base, in particular of a metal of main group I, II or III of the periodic system, ammonium, substituted ammonium and ammonium compounds which are derived from ethylenediamine or amino acids, wherein each alkyl radical, each alkoxy radical and each acyl radical branched or unbranched and each alkyl radical, each alkoxy radical and each cycloalkyl group may be saturated or unsaturated having one or more double or triple bonds and one or two carbon atoms of the cycloalkyl groups may be replaced by nitrogen, oxygen or sulphur atoms,

[0010] or wherein X represents amino group

[0011] wherein R₁₁ and R₁₂ are the same or different and are selected from the group, which consists of hydrogen, substituted and unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted and unsubstituted cycloalkyl-(C₀₋₂₆)-alkyl groups, substituted and unsubstituted cycloalkoxy-(C₀₋₂₆)-alkyl groups, substituted and unsubstituted alkoxy (C₀₋₂₆)-alkyl groups and substituted or unsubstituted acyl radicals, wherein each alkyl radical, each alkoxy radical and each acyl radical branched or unbranched and each alkyl radical, each alkoxy radical and each cycloalkyl group may be saturated or unsaturated having one or more double or triple bonds and one or two carbon atoms of the cycloalkyl groups may be substituted by nitrogen, oxygen or sulphur atoms,

[0012] wherein B is selected from the group, which consists of substituted and unsubstituted C₁₋₂₆-alkenylene groups, in which one C-atom may be replaced by an oxygen atom and one C atom my be replaced by a sulphur atom or two C-atoms may be replaced by a S-heterocycle and wherein each alkenylene radical may be branched or unbranched and may be saturated or unsaturated having one or more double or triple bonds and may be saturated with one or more hydroxy groups, halogen groups or oxo groups.

[0013] Preferably R₁₃ and R₁₄ together form an oxo group in α-Position to the nitrogen atom.

[0014] Y preferably represents a methylene group, which is particularly preferably substituted with two methyl groups.

[0015] Compounds, in which B represents ether group (II)

—A₁—O—A₂—  (II)

[0016] are advantageous, wherein A₁ is absent or is a (C₁₋₉)-alkylene radical,

[0017] and A₂ is absent or selected from the group, which consists of (C₁₋₉)-alkylene radicals, a sulphur atom and a (C₃₋₈)-heterocycle, which comprises at least one sulphur atom. It is especially preferred that A₁ and A₂ each represent a methylene group.

[0018] Also compounds, in which B represents a keto group (III)

[0019] are advantageous, wherein A₃ and A_(4,) out of which one or both may be absent, are the same or different, may be selected from the group, which consists of (C₁₋₉)-alkylene radicals, wherein all the (C₁₋₉)-alkylene radicals may be branched or unbranched, may have one ore more double bonds or may be substituted with a hydroxyl group or a halogen group. It is particularly preferred that A₃ is absent and A₄ represents a methylene or an ethylene group.

[0020] Preferably B furthermore is a 2-hydroxypropylene group.

[0021] R₉ and R₁₀ preferably represent OX₉ and OX₁₀, wherein X₉ and X₁₀ are the same or different 10 and are selected from the group, which consists of a metal of the first, second or third main group of the periodic system, in particular sodium and potassium, and methyl, ethyl.

[0022] Examples for individual compounds are listed in the following:

[0023] The following compounds are in particular preferred:

[0024] Special features of the above defmitions and suitable examples thereof are stated below:

[0025] “Acyl” is a substituent which originates from an acid, such as from an organic carboxylic acid, carbonic acid, carbamic acid or the thioacid or imidic acid corresponding to the individual above-stated acids, or from an organic sulfonic acid, wherein these acids may in each case comprise aliphatic, aromatic and/or heterocyclic groups in the molecule, as well as carbamoyl or carbamimidoyl.

[0026] Suitable examples of these acyl groups are stated below.

[0027] Aliphatic acyl groups are deemed to comprise acyl radicals originating from an aliphatic acid, such groups including the following:

[0028] alkanoyl (for example formyl, acetyl, propionyl, butyryl, isobutyryl, valeryl, isovaleryl, pivaloyl etc.);

[0029] alkenoyl (for example acryloyl, methacryloyl, crotonoyl etc.); alkylthioalkanoyl (for example methylthioacetyl, ethylthioacetyl etc.); alkanesulfonyl (for example mesyl, ethanesulfonyl, propanesulfonyl etc.); alkoxycarbonyl (for example methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, propoxycarbonyl, isopropoxycarbonyl, butoxycarbonyl, isobutoxycarbonyl etc.); alkylcarbamoyl (for example methylcarbamoyl etc.); (N-alkyl)thiocarbamoyl (for example (N-methyl)thiocarbamoyl etc.); alkylcarbamimidoyl (for example methylcarbamimidoyl etc.); oxalo;

[0030] alkoxalyl (for example methoxalyl, ethoxalyl, propoxalyl etc.).

[0031] In the above examples of aliphatic acyl groups, the aliphatic hydrocarbon moiety, in particular the alkyl group or alkane radical, may optionally comprise one or more suitable substituents, such as amino, halogen (for example fluorine, chlorine, bromine etc.), hydroxy, hydroxy-imino, carboxy, alkoxy (for example methoxy, ethoxy,propoxy etc.), alkoxycarbonyl, acylamino (for example benzyloxycarbonylamino etc.), acyloxy (for example acetoxy, benzyloxy etc.) and the like; preferred aliphatic acyl radicals having such substituents which may be mentioned are alkanoyls substituted, for example, with amino, carboxy, amino and carboxy, halogen, acylamino or the like.

[0032] Aromatic acyl radicals are deemed to comprise those acyl radical which originate from an acid with a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, wherein the aryl group may comprise phenyl, toluyl, xylyl, naphthyl and the like; suitable examples are stated below:

[0033] aroyl (for example benzoyl, toluoyl, xyloyl, naphthoyl, phthaloyl etc); aralkanoyl (for example phenylacetyl etc); aralkenoyl (for example cinnamoyl etc.); aryloxyalkanoyl (for example phenoxyacetyl etc.); arylthioalkanoyl (for example phenylthioacetyl etc.); arylaminoalkanoyl (for example N-phenylglycyl etc.); arenesulfonyl (for example benzenesulfonyl, tosyl or toluenesulfonyl, naphthalenesulfonyl etc); aryloxycarbonyl (for example phenoxycarbonyl, naphthyloxycarbonyl etc.); aralkoxycarbonyl (for example benzyloxycarbonyl etc.); arylcarbamoyl (for example phenylcarbamoyl, naphthylcarbamoyl etc.); arylglyoxyloyl (for example phenylglyoxyloyl etc.).

[0034] In the above examples of acyl radicals, the aromatic hydrocarbon moiety (in particular the aryl radical) and/or the aliphatic hydrocarbon moiety (in particular the alkane radical) may optionally comprise one or more suitable substituents, such as those which have already been stated as suitable substituents for the alkyl group or the alkane radical. Aromatic acyl radicals having particular substituents which may in particular be mentioned and constitute examples of preferred aromatic acyl radicals are aroyl substituted with halogen and hydroxy or with halogen and acyloxy, and aralkanoyl substituted with hydroxy, hydroxyimino, dihaloalkanoyloxyimino, together with arylthiocarbamoyl (for example phenylthiocarbamoyl etc.); arylcarbamimidoyl (for example phenylcarbamimidoyl etc.).

[0035] A heterocyclic acyl radical is taken to mean an acyl radical which originates from an acid with a heterocyclic group; these include:

[0036] heterocyclic carbonyl, in which the heterocyclic radical is an aromatic or aliphatic 5- to 6-membered heterocycle with at least one heteroatom from the group comprising nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur (for example thiophenyl, furoyl, pyrrolocarbonyl, nicotinoyl etc.);

[0037] alkanoyl heterocycle, in which the heterocyclic radical is 5- to 6-membered and comprises at least one heteroatom from the group comprising nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur (for example thiophenylacetyl, furylacetyl, imidazolylpropionyl, tetrazolylacetyl, 2-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)-2-methoxyiminoacetyl etc) and the like.

[0038] In the above examples of heterocyclic acyl radicals, the heterocycle and/or the aliphatic hydrocarbon moiety may optionally comprise one or more suitable substituents, such as those as have been stated to be suitable for alkyl and alkane groups.

[0039] “Alkyl”, unless defined otherwise, is a straight- or branched-chain alkyl radical having up to 26 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, tert.-butyl, pentyl, bexyl and the like. It may be substituted e.g. by hydroxy, amino, halogen (e.g. fluorine, bromine, chlorine), oxo radicals and alkoxy radicals, such as methoxy, ethoxy radicals.

[0040] “Alkoxy radicals”, unless defmed otherwise, is a straight- or branched-chain alkyl radical having up to 26 carbon atoms, such as methoxy, ethoxy radicals etc.. It may be substituted e.g. by hydroxy, amino, halogen, oxo groups and, alkoxy radicals, such as methoxy, ethoxy radicals.

[0041] “Alkoxy-(C₀₋₂₆)-alkyl” groups are alkoxy radicals, which can also be bonded to the basic structure via an alkyl radical. The alkyl and alkoxy groups are as defined above.

[0042] “Cycloalkyl-(C₀₋₂₆)-alkyl radicals are cyclic compounds having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, unless defined otherwise, which are bonded to the basic structure directly or via an alkylene radical. The alkylene radical can be branched, unbranched and saturated or unsaturated having double bonds. Possible substituents of the cycloalkyl radical are, inter alia, alkoxy radicals, alkyl radicals, hydroxyl radicals, halogen radicals, amino radicals, oxo radicals. The cycloalkyl groups can also be aromatic with the corresponding number of double bonds, i.e. aryl-(C₀₋₂₆)-alkyl radicals (e.g. phenyl, pyridyl, naphtbyl etc). The aromatic cyclic compounds in particular can furthermore contain substituents, such as nitro groups and CF₃ and phenyl radicals.

[0043] “Cycloalkoxy-(C₀₋₂₆)-alkyl radicals are cyclic compounds having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, unless defined otherwise, which are bonded to the basic structure via an oxygen directly or via an alkylene radical. The alkylene radical can be branched, unbranched and saturated or unsaturated with double bonds. Possible substituents of the cycloalkyl radical are, inter alia, alkoxy radicals, (including alkylenedioxy radicals, such as methylenedioxy), alkyl radicals, hydroxyl radicals, halogen radicals, amino radicals, oxo radicals. The cycloalkyl groups can also be polycyclic radicals and aromatic with the corresponding number of double bonds (e.g. phenoxy, pyridoxy, naphthoxy etc). The aromatic cyclic compounds in particular can furthermore contain substituents, such as nitro groups and CF₃ and phenyl radicals.

[0044] “Amino radicals” can be substituted, for example by the alkyl radicals or cycloalkyl-(C₀₋₂₆)-alkyl radicals as defined above.

[0045] “Amino-(C₀₋₂₆)-alkyl groups” are amino radicals, which can also be bonded to the basic structure via an alkyl radical. Alkyl and amino groups are defined as above.

[0046] “Silyl radicals” may be substituted for example with the above defined alkyl radicals or cycloalkyl (C₀₋₂₆)-alkyl radicals.

[0047] “Tluo-(C₀₋₂₆)-alkyl groups”, “Sulfonyl-(C₀₋₂₆)-alkyl groups” and “Sulfinyl-(C₀₋₂₆)-alkyl groups” may be substituted for example with the above defined alkyl radicals or cycloalkyl-(C₀₋₂₆)-alkyl radicals. The (C₀₋₂₆)-alkyl groups are linear or branched alkylene radicals, such as methylene, ethylene, propylene, isopropylene, butylene, isobutylene, tert.-butylene, pentylene, hexylene and the like. they may comprise double or triple bonds and may be substituted for example with hydroxy, amino, halogen (e.g. fluorine, bromine, chlorine), oxo radicals and alkoxy radicals, such as methoxy, ethoxy radicals.

[0048] The radicals X₉ and X₁₀ may preferably be selected such that esters are formed on the phosphino group. Suitable examples of such esters of the formula (I) include alkyl esters (for example methyl esters, ethyl esters, propyl esters, isopropyl esters, butyl esters, isobutyl esters, hexyl esters etc.); aralkyl esters (benzyl esters, phenylethyl esters, benzhydryl esters, trityl esters etc.); aryl esters (for example phenyl esters, tolyl esters, naphthyl esters etc.); aroylalkyl esters (for example phenacyl esters etc); and silyl esters (for example of trialkylhalosilyl, dialkyldihalosilyl, alkyltrihalosilyl, dialkylarylhalosilyl, trialkoxyhalosilyl, dialkylaralkylhalosilyl, dialkoxydihalosilyl, trialkoxyhalosilyl etc) and the like.

[0049] In the above ester, the alkane and/or arene moiety may optionally comprise at least one suitable substituenit, such as halogen, alkoxy, hydroxy, nitro or the like.

[0050] X₉ and X₁₀ are preferably a metal of main group I, II or III of the periodic system, ammonium, substituted ammonium or ammonium compounds which are derived from ethylenediamine or amino acids. In other words, the salt compounds of the organophosphorus compounds are formed with organic or inorganic bases (for example sodium salt, potassium salt, calcium salt, aluminium salt, amonium salt, magnesium salt, triethylamine salt, ethanolamine salt, dicyclohexylaamine salt, ethylenediamine salt, N,N′-dibenzylethylenediamine salt etc) as are salts with amino acids (for example arginine salt, aspartic acid salt, glutamic acid salt etc.) and the like.

[0051] The compounds of the formula (I) according to the invention permit the occurrence of spatial isomers, for example for double bond-containing or chiral groups R₁ to R_(4,) A₁ to A_(4.) The use according to the invention of the compounds includes all spatial isomers, both as pure substances and in the form of mixtures thereof.

[0052] The compounds are in particular suitable for the therapeutic and prophylactic treatment of human and animal infections which are caused by viruses, bacteria, uni- and multicellular parasites and fungi.

[0053] The compounds are active against unicellular parasites (protozoa), in particular against the causative organisms of malaria and sleeping sickness and of Chagas' disease, toxoplasmosis, amoebic dysentery, leishmaniases, trichomoniasis, pneumocystosis, balantidiasis, cryptosporidiosis, sarcocytosis, acanthamoebosis, naeglerosis, coccidiosis, giardiasis and lambliasis.

[0054] They are accordingly in particular suitable for the prophylactic treatment of malaria and of sleeping siclmness and of Chagas' disease, of toxoplasmosis, amoebic dysentery, leishmaniases trichomoniasis, pneumocystosis, balantidiasis, cryptosporidiosis, sarcocytosis, acanthamoebosis, naeglerosis, coccidiosis, giardiasis and lambliasis.

[0055] The active substances according to the invention may in particular be used against the following bacteria:

[0056] bacteria of the family Propionibacteriaceae, in particular of the genus Propionibacterium, in particular the species Propionibacteriuni acnes bacteria of the family Actinomycetaceae, in particular of the genus Actinomiiyces, bacteria of the genus Corynebacteriurn, in particular the species Corynebacteriuni diphtheriae and Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, bacteria of the family Mycobacteriaceae, of the genus Mycobacterium, in particular the species Mycobacteriuni leprae, Mycobacteriun tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium, bacteria of the family Chlamydiaceae, in particular the species Chlanmydia trachomatis and Chlanmydia psittaci, bacteria of the genus Listeria, in particular the species Listeria monocylogenes, bacteria of the species Erysipelthrix rhusiopathiae, bacteria of the genus Clostridiuim, bacteria of the genus Yersinia, the species Yersinia pestis, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia ruckeri, bacteria of the family Mycoplasmataceae, of the genera Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma, in particular the species Mycoplasma pneunioniae, bacteria of the genus Brucella, bacteria of the genus Bordetella, bacteria of the genus Campylobacter, in particular the species Canipylobacterjejuni, Canipylobacter coli and Campylobacer fetus, bacteria of the genus Helicobacter, in particular the species Helicobacter pylori, bacteria of the families Spirochaetaceae and Leptospiraceae, in particular the genera Treponema, Borrelia and Leptospira, in particular Borrelia burgdorferi,

[0057] bacteria of the genus Actiinobacillus, bacteria of the family Legionellaceae, of the genus Legionella, bacteria of the family Rickettsiaceae and the family Bartonellaceae, bacteria of the genera Nocardia and Rhodococcus and bacteria of the genus Dermatophilus.

[0058] Organophosphorus compounds and the derivatives thereof are consequently suitable for treating diphtheria, acne vulgaris, listerioses, swine erysipelas in animals, gas gangrene in humans and animals, malignant oedema in humans and animals, tuberculosis ini humans and animals, leprosy and further mycobacterioses in humans and animals, paratuberculosis in animals, plague, mesenterial lymphadenitis and pseudotuberculosis in humans and animals, cholera, legionnaires' disease, borreliosis in humans and animals, leptospiroses in humans and animals, syphilis, Cainpylobacter enteritis infections in humans and animals, Moraxella keratoconjunctivitis and serositis in animals, brucellosis of animals and humans, anthrax in humans and animals, actinomycosis in humans and animals, streptotrichoses, psittacosis/ortnithosis in animals, Q fever, ehrlichiosis.

[0059] Use is furthermore effective in the eradication of Helicobacter in ulcers of the gastrointestinal tract.

[0060] Combinations with another antibiotic may also be used to treat the above-stated diseases. Iso- niazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, pyrazinamide, streptomycin, protionamide and dapsone are in particular suitable for combination preparations with other anti-infective agents for the treat- ment of tuberculosis.

[0061] The active substances according to the invention are furthermore usable in infections with the following viruses:

[0062] Parvoviridae: parvo viruses, dependo viruses, densoviruses, Adenoviridae: adeno viruses, mastadeno viruses, aviadeno viruses, Papovaviridae: papovaviruses, in particular papillomaviruses (“wart” viruses), polyomaviruses, in particular JC virus, BK virus and miopapovaviruses, Herpesviridae: all herpesviruses, in particular herpes simplex viruses, varicellazoster viruses, human cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr viruses, all human herpesviruses, human herpesvirus 6, human herpesvirus 7, human herpesvirus 8, Poxiviridae: poxviruses, orthopoxviruses, parapoxviruses, molluscum contagiosurn virus, aviviruses, capriviruses, leporipoxviruses, all primarily hepatotropic viruses, hepatitisviruses: hepatitis A viruses, hepatitis B viruses, hepatitis C viruses, hepatitis D viruses, hepatitis E viruses, hepatitis F viruses, hepatitis G viruses, Hepadnaviruses: all hepatitisviruses, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis D viruses, Picornaviridae: picornaviruses, all entero viruses, all polioviruses, all coxsackie-viruses, all echoviruses, all rhinoviruses, hepatitis A virus, aphthoviruses, Calciviridae'.hepatitis E viruses, Reoviridae: reoviruses, orbiviruses, rotaviruses, Togqviridae: togaviruses, alphaviruses, rubiviruses, pestiviruses, rubellavirus, Flaviviridae: flaviviruses, FSME virus, hepatitis C virus, Orthoniyxoviridae: all influenza viruses, Paramnyxoviridae: paramyxo viruses, morbillivirus, pneumo virus, measles virus, mumps virus, Rhabdoviridae'.rhobdo viruses, rabies virus, lyssavirus, vascular stomatitisvirus, Coronaviridae: coronaviruses, Bunyaviridae: bunyaviruses, nairo virus, phlebo virus, uukuvirus, hantavirus, hantaan virus, Arenaviridae: arenaviruses, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, Retroviridae: retro viruses, all HTL viruses, human T-cell leukaemia virus, oncornaviruses, spumaviruses, lentiviruses, all HI viruses, Filoviridae: Marburg and Ebola virus, slow-virus infections, prions, onco viruses and leukaemia viruses.

[0063] The organophosphorus compounds used according to the invention are consequently suitable for combating the following viral infections:

[0064] eradication of papillomaviruses to prevent tumours, in particular tumours of the reproductive organs caused by papillomaviruses in humans, eradication of JC viruses and BK viruses, eradication of herpesviruses, eradication of human herpesvirus 8 to treat Kaposi's sarcoma, eradication of cytomegaloviruses before transplantations, eradication of Epstein-Barr viruses before transplantation and to prevent tumours associated with Epstein-Barr viruses, eradication of hepatitis viruses to treat chronic liver disease and to prevent liver tumours and cirrhosis of the liver, eradication of coxsackieviruses in cardiomyopathy, eradication of coxsackieviruses in diabetes mellitus patients, eradication of immunodeficiency viruses in humans and animals, treatment of accompanying infections in AIDS patients, treatment of respiratory tract inflammation of viral causation (laryngeal papilloma, hyperplasia, rhinitis, pharyngitis, bronchitis, pneumonia), of the sensory organs (keratoconjunctivitis), of the nervous system (poliomyelitis, meningoencephalitis, encephalitis, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, SSPE, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, lymphocytic choriomeningitis), of the gastrointestinal tract (stomatitis, gingivostomatitis, oesophagitis, gastritis, gastroenteritis, diarrhoea), of the liver and gall system (hepatitis, cholangitis, hepatocellular carcinoma), of the lymphatic tissue (mononucleosis, lymphadenitis), of the haemopoietic system, of the reproductive organs (mumps orchitis), of the skin (warts, dermatitis, herpes labialis, herpes febrilis, herpes zoster, shingles), of the mucous membranes (papillomas, conjunctival papillomas, hyperplasia, dysplasia), of the cardiovascular system (arteriitis, myocarditis, endocarditis, pericarditis), of the kidney/urinary system, of the reproductive organs (anogenital lesions, warts, genital warts, sharp condylomas, dysplasia, papillomas, cervical dysplasia, condyloma acuminatum, epidermodysplasia verruciformis), of the locomotory organs (myositis, myalgia), treatment of foot-and-mouth disease in cloven-hoofed animals, of Colorado tick fever, Dengue syndrome, of haemorrhagic fever, of early summer meningoencephalitis (FSME) and of yellow fever.

[0065] The compounds according to the invention, which generally include for this purpose pharmaceutically acceptable salts, amides, esters, a salt of such an ester or also compounds which, on administration, provide the compounds used according to the invention as metabolites or breakdown products, also called “prodrugs”, may be formulated for administration in any suitable mamier analogous to known agents having an anti-infective action (mixed with a non-toxic, pharmaceutically acceptable excipient).

[0066] Pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds include salts which the compounds of the formulae (I) used according to the invention form in their protonated form as an ammonium salt of inorganic or organic acids, such as hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid, citric acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid.

[0067] The salts, such as sodium salt, potassium salt, calcium salt, ammonium salt, ethanolamine salt, triethylamine salt, dicyclohexyl amine salt and salts of an amino acid such as arginine salt, aspartic acid salt, glutamic acid salt, are also particularly pharmaceutically suitable.

[0068] The activity of the substances is determined using a test system. This system is based upon in vitro measurement of the inhibition of growth of bacteria, parasites, viruses, fungi or plants. Test methods known to the person skilled in the art are in part used for this purpose.

[0069] For example, antimalarial activity is determined by measuring the inhibition of the growth of malaria parasites in blood cultures.

[0070] Antibacterial activity is determined on the basis of measuring the inhibition of bacterial growth on nutrient media and in liquid cultures. Antiviral activity is determined on the basis of the formation of viral elements in cell cultures. Fungicidal activity is determined on the basis of measuring the inhibition of fungal growth on nutrient media and in liquid cultures

[0071] Some of the micro-organisms which are to be investigated may only be investigated in animal models. In this case, we will then use the appropriate models.

[0072] Substances which exhibit activity in in vitro measurement systems are then further investigated in in vivo models. The antiparasitic, antiviral, fungicidal or antibacterial activity is further evaluated in the appropriate animal models.

[0073] The pharmaceutically active agents may be prepared in dosage units in the form of pharmaceutical preparations. This means that the preparation is in the form of individual components, for example tablets, coated tablets, capsules, pills, suppositories and ampoules, the active substance content of which corresponds to a fraction or multiple of an individual dose. The dosage units may contain, for example 1, 2, 3 or 4 individual doses or {fraction (1/2, 1/3)} or {fraction (1/4)} of an individual dose. An individual dose preferably contains the quantity of active substance which is administered at one time and usually corresponds to a whole, half, third or quarter of a daily dose.

[0074] Non-toxic, inert, pharmaceutically suitable excipients should be taken to mean solid, semisolid or liquid diluents, fillers and formulation auxiliaries of all kinds.

[0075] Preferred pharmaceutical preparations which may be mentioned are tablets, coated tablets, capsules, pills, granules, suppositories, solutions, suspensions and emulsions, pastes, ointments, gels, creams, lotions, powders and sprays. Tablets, coated tablets, capsules, pills and granules may contains the active substances together with conventional excipients, such as (a) fillers and extenders, for example starches, lactose, cane sugar, glucose, mannitol and silica, (b) binders, for example carboxymethylcellulose, alginates, gelatine, polyvinylpyrrolidone, (c) humectants, for example glycerol, (d) suspending agents, for example agar-agar, calcium carbonate and sodium carbonate, (e) dissolution retardants, for example paraffin and (f) resorption accelerators, for example quaternary ammonium compounds, (g) wetting agents, for example acetyl alcohol, glycerol monostearate, (h) adsorbents, for example kaolin and bentonite and (i) lubricants, for example talcum, calcium and magnesium stearate and solid polyethylene glycols or mixtures of the substances stated in (a) to (i).

[0076] The tablets, coated tablets, capsules, pills and granules may be provided with conventional coatings and shells optionally containing opacifying agents and may also he composed such that they release the active substances only with a delay or preferably in a particular part of the intestinal tract, wherein polymeric substances and waxes may, for example, be used as the matrices.

[0077] The active substance or substances, optionally together with one or more of the above-stated excipients, may also be present in microencapsulated form.

[0078] In addition to the active substance or substances, suppositories may contain conventional water-soluble or water-insoluble excipients, for example polyethylene glycols, fats, for example cocoa butter and higher esters (for example C₁₄ alcohol with C₁₆ fatty acid) or mixtures of these substances.

[0079] In addition to the active substance or substances, ointments, pastes, creams and gels may contain conventional excipients, for example animal and vegetable fats, waxes, paraffins, starch, gum tragacanth, cellulose derivatives, polyethylene glycols, silicones, bentonites, silica, talcum and zinc oxide or mixtures of these substances.

[0080] In addition to the active substance or substances, powders and sprays may contain conventional excipients, for example lactose, talcum, silica, aluminium hydroxide, calcium silicate and polyamide powder or mixtures of these substances. Sprays may additionally contain conventional propellants, for example chlorofluorocarbons.

[0081] In addition to the active substance or substances, solutions and emulsions may contain conventional excipients, such as solvents, solubilising agents and emulsifiers, for example water, ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, ethyl carbonate, ethyl acetate, benzyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate, propylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, dimethylformamide, oils, in particular cottonseed oil, peanut oil, corn oil, olive oil, castor oil and sesame oil, glycerol, glycerol formal, tetrahydroflurfuryl alcohol, polyethylene glycols and sorbitan fatty acid esters or mixtures of these substances.

[0082] For parenteral administration, the solutions and emulsions may also be present in sterile, isotonic form.

[0083] In addition to the active substance or substances, suspensions may contain conventional excipients, such as liquid diluents, for example water, ethyl alcohol, propylene glycol, suspending agents, for example ethoxylated isostearyl alcohols, polyoxyethylene sorbitol and sorbitan esters, microcrystalline cellulose, aluminium metahydroxide, bentonite, agar-agar and gum tragacanth or mixtures of these substances.

[0084] The stated formulations may also contain colorants, preservatives and odour- or flavour-enhancing additives, for example peppermint oil and eucalyptus oil, and sweeteners, for example saccharin.

[0085] The active substances of the formulae (I) should preferably be present in the pharmaceutical preparations listed above in a concentration of approx. 0.1 to 99.5 wt. %, preferably from approx. 0.5 to 95 wt. %, of the complete mixture.

[0086] Apart from the compounds of the formulae (I), the pharmaceutical preparations may also contain further pharmaceutical active substances.

[0087] The compounds may be used together with hitherto described substances having antibacterial, antiviral, antimycotic and antiparasitic properties. Such substances in particular include compounds which have already been used in therapeutic applications or are still used. Substances which are suitable for this purpose are in particular those listed in the Red List or in Simon/Stille, Antibiokia-Therapie in Klinik und Praxis, 9th edition, 1998, Schattauer Verlag, or on the Internet at bttp://www.customs.treas.gov/imp-exp/rulings/harmoniz/hrm 1 29.html. The derivatives may in particular be present with penicillins, benzylpenicillin (penicillin G), phenoxypenicillins, isoxazolylpenicillins, aminopenicillins, ampicillin, amoxicillin, bacam- picillin, carboxypenicillin, ticarcillin, temocillin, acylaminopenicillins, azlocillin, mezlocillin, piperacillin, atialcilliri mecillinam, cephalosporins, cefazolin group, cefuroxime group, cefoxitin group, cefoxitin, cefotetan, cefinetazole, latamoxef, flomoxef, cefotaxime group, cefozidime, ceftazidime group, ceflazidime, cefpirome, cefepime, conventional cephalosporins, cefsulodin, cefoperazone, oral cephalosporins of the cephalexin group, loracarbef, cefprozil, new broad-spectrum oral cephalosporins, cefixime, cefpodoxime-proxetil, cefttroxime-axetil, cefetamet, cefotiam-hexetil, cefdinir, ceftibuten, other β-lactam antibiotics, carbapenem, imipenem/cilastatin, meropenem, biapenem, aztreonam, β-lactamase inhibitors, clavulanic acid/amoxicillin, clavulanic acid/ticarcillin, sulbactam/ampicillin, tazobactam/piperacillin, tetracyclines, oxytetracycline, rolitetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline, chloramphenicol, aminoglycosides, gentamicin, tobramycin, netilmicin, amikacin, spectinomycin, macrolides, erythromycin, clarithromycin, roxithromycin, azithromycin, dirithromycin, spiramycin, josamycin, lincosamnides, clindamycin, fusidic acid, glycopeptide antibiotics, vancomycin, teicoplanin, pristinamycin derivatives, fosfomycin, antimicrobial folic acid antagonists, sulfonamides, co-trimoxazole, trimethoprim, other diaminopyrimidine-sulfonamide combinations, nitrofurans, nitrofurantoin, nitrofurazone, gyrase inhibitors (quinolones), norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, sparfloxacin, enoxacin, fleroxacin, pefloxacin, lomefloxacin, Bay Y3118, nitroimidazoles, antimycobacterial agents, isoniazid, rifampicin, rifabutin, ethambutol, pyrazinamide, streptomycin, capreomycin, prothionamide, terizidone, dapsone, clofazimine, topical antibiotics, bacitracin, tyrothricin, polymyxins, neomycin, kanamycin, paromomycin, mupirocin, antiviral agents, acyclovir, ganciclovir, azidothymidine, didanosine, zalcitabine, thiacytidine, stavudine, ribavirin, idoxuridine, trifluridine, foscamet, amantadine, interferons, tibol derivatives, proteinase inhibitors, antimycotics, polyenes, amphotericin B, nystatin, natamycin, azoles, azoles for septic therapy, miconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole, fluconazole, UK- 109.496, azoles for topical use, clotrimazole, econazole, isoconazole, oxiconazole, bifonazole, flucytosine, griseofulvin, ciclopirox olamine, tolnafnate, naftifine, terbinafine, amorolfine, anthraquinones, betulinic acid, semianthraquinones, xanthones, naphthoquinones, arylamino alcohols, quinine, quinidines, mefloquine, halofantrine, chloroquine, amodiaquine, acridine, benzonaphthyridine, mepacrine, pyronaridine, dapsone, sulfonamides, sulfadoxine, sulfalenes, trimethoprim, proguanil, chiorproguanil, diaminopyrirnidines, pyrimethamine, primaquine, aminoquinolines, WR 238,605, tetracycline, doxycycline, clindamycin, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, artemisinin, dihydroartemisinin, 10b artemether, arteether, atresunate, atovaquone, suramin, melarsoprol, nifurtimox, stibogluconate sodium, pentamidine, amphotericin B, metronidazole, clioquinol, mebendazole, niclosamide, praziquantel, pyrantel, tiabenzazole, diethylcarbamazine, ivermectin, bithionol, oxamniquine, metrifonate, piperazine, embonate.

[0088] The compounds according to the present invention may furthermore be present in the pharmaceutical preparations in combination with sulfonamide, sulfadoxine, artemisinin, atovaquone, quinine, chloroquine, hydroxychioroquine, mefloquine, halofantrine, pyrimethamine, armesin, tetracyclines, doxycycline, proguanil, metronidazole, praziquantel, niclosamide, mebendazole, pyrantel, tiabendazole, diethylcarbazine, piperazine, pyrivinium, metrifonate, oxamniquine, bithionol or suramin or two or more of these substances.

[0089] The above-stated pharmaceutical preparations are produced in the conventional manner using known methods, for example by mixing the active substance or substances with the excipient or excipients.

[0090] The stated preparations may be administered to humans and animals orally, rectally, parenterally (intravenously, intramuscularly, subcutaneously), intracistemally, intravaginally, intraperitoneally, topically (powders, ointments, drops) and for the treatment of infections in cavities, body cavities. Suitable preparations which may be considered are solutions for injections, solutions and suspensions for oral therapy, gels, infusion formulations, emulsions, ointments or drops. Topical treatment may be performed using ophthalmological and dermatological formulations, silver and other salts, ear drops, eye ointments, powders or solutions. Administration to animals may also be achieved via the feed or drinking water in suitable formulations. Gels, pulverulent formulations, powders, tablets, controlled-release tablets, premixes, concentrates, granules, pellets, tablets, boli, capsules, aerosols, sprays, inhalation formulations may also be used in humans and animals. The compounds used according to the invention may also be incorporated into other supports, such as for example plastics (plastic chains for topical treatment), collagen or bone cement.

[0091] It has in general proved advantageous in both human and veterinary medicine to administer the active substances of the formulae (I) in total quantities of approx. 0.05 to approx. 600, preferably of 0.5 to 200 mg/kg body weight per 24 hours, optionally in the form of two or more individual doses in order to achieve the desired results. An individual dose preferably contains the active substance or substances in quantities of approx. 1 to approx. 200, in particular of 1 to 60 mg/kg body weight. It may, however, be necessary to deviate from the stated dosages, in particular as a function of the nature and body weight of the patient to be treated, the nature and severity of the disease, the nature of the preparations and the route of administration of the drug and the period of time over which administration is performed. In some cases, it may be sufficient to use less than the above-stated quantity of active substance, while in other cases more than the above-stated quantity of active substance must be used. The person skilled in the art will use his/her skill to determine the optimum dosage and route of administration required in each particular case.

[0092] The compounds according to the invention may be given to animals in conventional concentrations and preparations together with feed or feed preparations or with drinking water.

[0093] The compounds according to the invention also show an excellent herbicidal activity.

[0094] A person skilled in the art knows the methods of preparation for example from U.S. Pat. No. 4,405,357.

[0095] The activity of the compounds is determined using a test system. This system is based upon in vitro measurement of growth of parasites, bacteria, viruses and fungi.

[0096] For example, antimalarial activity is determined by measuring the inhibition of the growth of malaria parasites in blood cultures. Antibacterial activity is determined on the basis of measuring the inhibition of bacterial growth on nutrient media and in liquid cultures. Antiviral activity is determined on the basis of the formation of viral elements in cell cultures.

[0097] Some of the micro-organisms which are to be investigated may be only investigated in animal models. In this case, the appropriate models will then be used.

[0098] Substances which exhibit activity in in vitro measurement systems are then further investigated in in vivo models. Antiparasitic, antiviral, fungicidal or antibacterial activity is further evaluated in the appropriate animal models.

[0099] Screening for herbicidal activity is determined by means of algal systems and measurement of isoprene emissions from plants under standard conditions.

[0100] The activity of some compounds according to the invention is described below with the help of examples:

EXAMPLES CONCERNING THE ACTIVITY

[0101] Experiments show that the action of the compounds is based on inhibition of the 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate(DOXP)metabolic pathway, which can be detected in micro-organisms and plants, but not for human beings. The following example accordingly shows the action of the compounds according to the invention on DOXP reductoisomerase.

EXAMPLE 1

[0102] DOXP reductoisomerase of Escherichia coli was expressed as a recombinant protein in E. coli. The activity of DOXP reductoisomerase has been determined in a batch, which comprised 100 mM tris-HCl (pH=7.5), 1 mM MnCl₂, 0.3 mM NADPH and 1 mM DOXP. The oxidation of NADPH was measured here in a spectrophotometer at 365 nm. For carrying out the inhibition studies the activity of the DOXP reductoisomerase in presence of the compounds 1 to 8 listed on page 9 in various concentrations between 0.1 and 100 μmol 1⁻¹ has been measured. The concentration at which the enzyme is inhibited to half the maximum extent (IC₅₀) was determined from the measurement values. The results, i.e. the IC⁵⁰⁻ Werte are listed in table 1.

EXAMPLE 2

[0103] The antimalaria activity of the compounds listed on page 9 was determined on in vitro cultures of the malaria pathogen Plasmodiun falciparum. The depressions of a 96-well microtitre plate were charged with in each case 200 μl of an asynchroneous Plasmodium falciparum culture at a parasitaemia of 0.4% and haematokrit of 2%. A serial dilution series of the compounds in triple steps between concentrations of 100 to 0.14 μmol 1⁻¹ was then prepared. The plates were incubated at 37° C., 3% CO₂ and 5% O₂ over a period of 48 hours. 30 μl medium supplemented with 27 μCi ml³¹ ¹ [³H]-hypoxanthine were then added to each well. After incubation for 24 hours the parasites were harvested by filtration on a glass fibre filter and the radioactivity which had been incorporated was measured. The inhibition of the growth of parasites was measured as the percentage inhibition of the incorporation of tritium. Inhibition of the growth of the parasites has been determined as percentage inhibition of incorporation of tritium based on a comparison without the substance. The half-maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the substance was determined by extrapolation of the values. The results, i.e. the IC50−Werte, are listed in table 1.

EXAMPLE 3

[0104] The antibacterial activity of the compounds stated on page 9 was determined. The roman numerals refer to the particularly preferred compounds stated on pages to.

[0105] A dilution series comprising the concentrations 500, 100, 50, 10 and 0 μmol 1⁻¹ of the individual compounds in LB medium is introduced into 5 culture microtubes in a volume of 0.5 ml. The tubes were inoculated with 10 μl of an overnight culture of E. coli K12 and shaken overnight at 37° C. The growth of the bacteria was assessed on the basis of the turbidity of the medium. The minimum concentration causing inhibition of bacterial growth was determined (minimum inhibition concentration MIC)

[0106] The antibacterial activity of P. aeruginosa was determined in the same manner. The results are listed in table I. TABLE I IC50 (nM) of DOXP reducto- compound No. isomerase from Helicobacter pilori 1 22 2 110 3 125 4 78 5 100 6 130 7 18 8 24 IC50(nM) of malaria culture (Plas- compound No. modium falciparum) 1 800 2 1200 3 1700 4 9200 5 1200 6 1600 7 400 8 700 MIC(nM) of bacteria culture (Pseu- compound No. domonas aeruginosa) 1 500 2 1600 3 2200 4 7000 5 2200 6 2500 7 9000 8 7300

[0107] The herbicidal activity of the compounds according to the present invention is described be- low:

EXAMPLE 4

[0108] The determination of herbicidal activity is performed according to standard procedure. Again the compounds listed on page 9 are tested. Compound: 1

Hydro Vorauflauf Gramm/ Hektar Reis Lepidium Echinochloa Solanum 1000 50% 40% 80%  0% Erde Vorauflauf Gramm/ Zea Beta Alopecurus Avena Cyperus Setaria Hektar mays vulgaris myosuroides fatua esculentus viridis  500  0% 30% 50%  0%  0%  0% Gramm/ Abutilon Amaranthus Galium Sinapis Xanthium Hektar theophrasti retroflexus aperine arvensis strumarium  500  0%  0%  0% 40%  0% Erde Nachauflauf Gramm/ Zea Beta Alopecurus Avena Cyperus Setaria Hektar mays vulgaris myosuroides fatua esculentus viridis  500 80% 70% 50% 50%  0% 95% Gramm/ Abutilon Amaranthus Galium Sinapis Xanthium Hektar theophrasti retroflexus aperine arvensis strumarium  500 40%  0% 90% 95% 60% Compound: 2

Hydro Vorauflauf Gramm/ Hektar Reis Lepidium Echinochloa Solanum 1000  0%  0%  0%  0% Erde Vorauflauf Gramm/ Zea Beta Alopecurus Avena Cyperus Setaria Hektar mays vulgaris myosuroides fatua esculentus viridis  500  0%  0%  0%  0%  0%  0% Gramm/ Abutilon Amaranthus Galium Sinapis Xanthium Hektar theophrasti retroflexus aperine arvensis strumarium Erde Nachauflauf Gramm/ Zea Beta Alopecurus Avena Cyperus Setaria Hektar mays vulgaris myosuroides fatua esculentus viridis  500  0%  0%  0% 30%  0% 90% Gramm/ Abutilon Amaranthus Galium Sinapis Xanthium Hektar theophrasti retroflexus aperine arvensis strumarium  500  0%  0%  0% 30% 50% Compound: 3

Hydro Vorauflauf Gramm/ Hektar Reis Lepidium Echinochloa Solanum 4000 40% 30% 40%  0% Erde Vorauflauf Gramm/ Zea Beta Alopecurus Avena Cyperus Setaria Hektar mays vulgaris myosuroides fatua esculentus viridis 2000  0% 30% 60%  0%  0%  0% Gramm/ Abutilon Amaranthus Galium Sinapis Xanthium Hektar theophrasti retroflexus aperine arvensis strumarium 2000  0%  0%  0% 30%  0% Erde Nachauflauf Gramm/ Zea Beta Alopecurus Avena Cyperus Setaria Hektar mays vulgaris myosuroides fatua esculentus viridis 2000 70% 90% 60% 50%  0% 70% Gramm/ Abutilon Amaranthus Galium Sinapis Xanthium Hektar theophrasti retroflexus aperine arvensis strumarium 2000 60% 60% 40% 70% 60% Compound: 4

Hydro Vorauflauf Gramm/ Hektar Reis Lepidium Echinochloa Solanum 4000 30% 30% 70% 30% Erde Vorauflauf Gramm/ Zea Beta Alopecurus Avena Cyperus Setaria Hektar mays vulgaris myosuroides fatua esculentus viridis 2000 30% 60%  0% 60%  0%  0% Gramm/ Abutilon Amaranthus Galium Sinapis Xanthium Hektar theophrasti retroflexus aperine arvensis strumarium 2000  0%  0%  0% 70%  0% Erde Nachauflauf Gramm/ Zea Beta Alopecurus Avena Cyperus Setaria Hektar mays vulgaris myosuroides fatua esculentus viridis 2000 70% 50% 70% 40%  0% 90% Gramm/ Abutilon Amaranthus Galium Sinapis Xanthium Hektar theophrasti retroflexus aperine arvensis strumarium 2000 50% 40% 70% 60% 90% Compound: 5

Hydro Vorauflauf Gramm/ Hektar Reis Lepidium Echinochloa Solanum 4000 40% 40% 60%  0% Erde Vorauflauf Gramm/ Zea Beta Alopecurus Avena Cyperus Setaria Hektar mays vulgaris myosuroides fatua esculentus viridis 2000  0% 30% 60%  0%  0%  0% Gramm/ Abutilon Amaranthus Galium Sinapis Xanthium Hektar theophrasti retroflexus aperine arvensis strumarium 2000  0%  0%  0% 50%  0% Erde Nachauflauf Gramm/ Zea Beta Alopecurus Avena Cyperus Setaria Hektar mays vulgaris myosuroides fatua esculentus viridis 2000 80% 40% 80% 40%  0% 95% Gramm/ Abutilon Amaranthus Galium Sinapis Xanthium Hektar theophrasti retroflexus aperine arvensis strumarium 2000 40% 30% 70% 90% 60% Compound: 6

Hydro Vorauflauf Gramm/ Hektar Reis Lepidium Echinochloa Solanum 4000 40% 30% 50%  0% Erde Vorauflauf Gramm/ Zea Beta Alopecurus Avena Cyperus Setaria Hektar mays vulgaris myosuroides fatua esculentus viridis 2000  0% 60% 70%  0%  0%  0% Gramm/ Abutilon Amaranthus Galium Sinapis Xanthium Hektar theophrasti retroflexus aperine arvensis strumarium 2000  0%  0%  0% 30%  0% Erde Nachauflauf Gramm/ Zea Beta Alopecurus Avena Cyperus Setaria Hektar mays vulgaris myosuroides fatua esculentus viridis 2000 70% 40% 40% 60%  0% 70% Gramm/ Abutilon Amaranthus Galium Sinapis Xanthium Hektar theophrasti retroflexus aperine arvensis strumarium 2000 60% 70% 80% 60% 60% Compound: 7

Hydro Vorauflauf Gramm/ Hektar Reis Lepidium Echinochloa Solanum 4000 30%  0% 40% 30% Erde Vorauflauf Gramm/ Zea Beta Alopecurus Avena Cyperus Setaria Hektar mays vulgaris myosuroides fatua esculentus viridis 2000 30% 70% 30% 30%  0%  0% Gramm/ Abutilon Amaranthus Galium Sinapis Xanthium Hektar theophrasti retroflexus aperine arvensis strumarium 2000  0% 20%  0% 30%  0% Erde Nachauflauf Gramm/ Zea Beta Alopecurus Avena Cyperus Setaria Hektar mays vulgaris myosuroides fatua esculentus viridis 2000 70% 70% 80% 80%  0% 90% Gramm/ Abutilon Amaranthus Galium Sinapis Xanthium Hektar theophrasti retroflexus aperine arvensis strumarium 2000 50% 50% 95% 80% 90% Compound: 8

Hydro Vorauflauf Gramm/ Hektar Reis Lepidium Echinochloa Solanum 2000  0% 30% 40% 30% Erde Vorauflauf Gramm/ Zea Beta Alopecurus Avena Cyperus Setaria Hektar mays vulgaris myosuroides fatua esculentus viridis 1000 30% 30% 30% 30%  0%  0% Gramm/ Abutilon Amaranthus Galium Sinapis Xanthium Hektar theophrasti retroflexus aperine arvensis strumarium 1000  0% 20%  0% 30%  0% Erde Nachauflauf Gramm/ Zea Beta Alopecurus Avena Cyperus Setaria Hektar mays vulgaris myosuroides fatua esculentus viridis 1000 70% 40% 70% 80%  0% 90% Gramm/ Abutilon Amaranthus Galium Sinapis Xanthium Hektar theophrasti retroflexus aperine arvensis strumarium 1000 50% 50% 70% 90% 90% 

1. Use of compounds of the general formula (I)

wherein Y is a C₁₋₃-alkenylene group, which is substituted by the substituents R₁ and R₂ and optionally by the substituents R₃ to R6, wherein R₁ to R8 are the same or different and are selected from the group, which consists of hydrogen, hydroxy, halogen, substituted and unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted and unsubstituted cycloalkyl-(C₀₋₂₆)-alkyl groups, substituted and unsubstituted cycloalkoxy-(C₀₋₂₆)-alkyl groups, substituted and unsubstituted alkoxy (C₀₋₂₆)-alkyl groups, substituted and unsubstituted amino groups and substituted, unsubstituted thio-(C₀₋₂₆)-alkyl groups, substituted and insubstituted Sulfonyl-(C₀₋₂₆)-alkyl groups, substituted and unsubstituted suinMyl-(C₀₋₂₆)-alkyl groups and substituted or unsubstituted acyl radicals, wherein each alkyl radical, each alkoxy radical and each acyl radical branched or unbranched and each alkyl radical, each alkoxy radical and each cycloalkyl group may be saturated or unsaturated having one or more double or triple bonds and one or two carbon atoms of the cycloalkyl groups may be replaced by nitrogen, oxygen or sulphur atoms and R₁₃ and R₁₄ are defmed like R₁ to R₈ or together form an oxo group, wherein X represents the organo phosphorous group

wherein R₉ and R₁₀ are the same or different and are selected from the group, which consists of hydrogen, substituted and unsubstituted (C₁₋₂₆)-alkyl groups, substituted and unsubstituted Hydroxy-(C₁₋₂₆)-alkyl groups, substituted and unsubstituted cycloalkyl-(C₀₋₂₆)-alkyl groups, substituted and unsubstituted acyl, halogen, OX₉ or OX₁₀, wherein each alkyl radical, each alkoxy radical and each acyl radical branched or unbranched and each alkyl radical, each alkoxy radical and each cycloalkyl group may be saturated or unsaturated having one or more double or triple bonds and one or two carbon atoms of the cycloalkyl groups may be replaced by nitrogen, oxygen or sulphur atoms, wherein X₉ or X₁₀ may be identical or different and are selected from the group, which consists of hydrogen, substituted and unsubstituted (C₁₋₂₆)-alkyl groups, substituted and unsubstituted hydroxy-(C₁₋₂₆)-alkyl groups, substituted and unsubstituted cycloalkyl-(C₀₋₂₆)-alkyl groups, substituted and unsubstituted acyl silyl, a cation of an organic and inorganic base, in particular of a metal of main group I, II or III of the periodic system, ammonium, substituted ammonium and amnmonium compounds which are derived from ethylenediamine or amino acids, wherein each alkyl radical, each alkoxy radical and each acyl radical branched or unbranched and each alkyl radical, each alkoxy radical and each cycloalkyl group saturated or may be unsaturated having one or more double or triple bonds and one or two carbon atoms of the cycloalkyl groups may be replaced by nitrogen, oxygen or sulphur atoms, or wherein X represents the amino group

wherein R₁₁ and R₁₂ are the same or different and are selected from the group, which consists of hydrogen, substituted and unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted and unsubstituted cycloalkyl-(C₀₋₂₆)-alkyl groups, substituted and unsubstituted cycloalkoxy-(C₀₋₂₆)-alkyl groups, substituted and unsubstituted alkoxy (C₀₋₂₆)-alkyl groups and substituted or unsubstituted acyl radicals, wherein each alkyl radical, each alkoxy radical and each acyl radical branched or unbranched and each alkyl radical, each alkoxy radical and each cycloalkyl group may be saturated or unsaturated with one or more double or triple bonds and one or two carbon atoms of the cycloalkyl groups may be replaced by nitrogen, oxygen or sulphur atoms, wherein B is selected from the group, which consists of substituted and unsubstituted C₁₋₂₆-alkenylene groups, wherein one C-atom may be replaced by an oxygen atom and one C-atom may be replaced by a sulphur atom or two C-atoms may be replaced by a S-heterocycle and wherein each alkylene radical may be branched or unbranched and may be saturated or unsaturated with one or more double or triple bonds and may be substituted with one or more hydroxy groups, halogen groups or oxo groups, or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters and salts of the esters for the inhibition of the 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate-(DOXP)-metabolic pathway.
 2. Use according to claim 1, characterised in that and R₁₃ and R₁₄ together form an oxo group in α-position to the nitrogen atom.
 3. Use according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterised in that Y represents a methylene group, which preferably is substituted with two methyl groups.
 4. Use according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that B represents ether group (II) —A₁—O—A₂—  (II)wherein A₁ is absent or is a (C₁₋₉)-alkylene radical, and A₂ is absent or is selected from the group, which consists of (C₁₋₉)-alkylene radicals, a sulphur atom and a (C₃₋₈)-heterocycle, which comprises at least one sulphur atom.
 5. Use according to claim 4, characterised in that A₁ and A₂ each represent a methylene group.
 6. Use according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that B represents keto group (III)

wherein A₃ and A_(4,) out of which one or both may be absent, are the same or different, are selected from the group, which consists of (C₁₋₉)-alkylene radicals, wherein all the (C₁₋₉)-alkylene radicals may be branched or unbranched, may comprise one or more double bonds or may be substituted with a hydroxyl group or a halogen group.
 7. Use according to claim 6, characterised in that A₃ is absent and A₄ represents a methylene or an ethylene group.
 8. Use according to one of claims 1 to 2, characterised in that B represents a 2-hydroxypropylene group.
 9. Use according to claim 1, characterised in that the compound is selected from the group, which consists of


10. Use according to claim 9, characterised in that the compound is selected from the group, which consists of


11. Use of an active substance defined according to one of claims 1 to 10 for the preparation of a pharmaceutical preparation for the treatment of infectious processes in humans and animals, caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi or parasites.
 12. Use of an active ingredient defined according to one of claims 1 to 10 as a herbicide.
 13. Use according to claim 11 for the preparation of a pharmaceutical preparation for the treatment of infections, caused by bacteria, which are selected from the group, which consists of bacteria of the family Propionibacteriaceae, in particular the genus Propiomibacterium, in particular species Propionibacterium acnes, bacteria of the family Actinomycetaceae, in particular the genus Actinomyces, bacteria of the genus Corynebacterium, in particular the species Corynebacterium diphteriae and Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, bacteria of the family Mycobacteriaceae, the genus Mycobacterium, in particular the species Mycobacterium leprae, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium, bacteria of the family Chlamydiaceae, in particular the species Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydia psittaci, bacteria of the genus Listeria, in particular the species Listeria monocytogenes, bacteria of the species Erysipelthrix rhusiopathiae, bacteria of the genus Clostridium, bacteria of the genus Yersinia, of the species Yersinia pestis, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia ruckeri, bacteria of the family Mycoplasmataceae, of the genera Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma, in particular the species Mycoplasma pneumoniae, bacteria of the genus Brucella, bacteria of the genus Bordetella, bacteria of the family Neisseriaceae, in particular of the genera Neisseria and Moraxella, in particular the species Neisseria meningitides, Neisseria gonorrlhoeae and Moraxella bovis, bacteria of the family Vibrionaceae, in particular of the genera Vibrio, Aeromonas, Plesiomonas and Photobacterium, in particular the species Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio anguillarum and Aeromonas salmonicidas, bacteria of the genus Camnpylobacter, in particular the species Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli and Carnpylobacter fetus, bacteria of the genus Helicobacter, in particular the species Helicobacter pylori, bacteria of the families Spirochaetaceae and Leptospiraceae, in particular the genera Treponema, Borrelia and Leptospira, in particular Borrelia burgdorferi, bacteria of the genus Actinobacillus, bacteria of the family Legionellaceae, the genus Legionella, bacteria of the family Rickettsiaceae and family Bartonellaceae, bacteria of the genera Nocardia and Rhodococcus, bacteria of the genus Dermatophilus, bacteria of the family Pseudomonadaceae, in particular the genera Pseudomonas and Xanthomonas, bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae, in particular the genera Escherichia, Klebsiella, Proteus, Providencia, Salmonella, Serratia and Shigella, bacteria of the family Pasteurellaceae, in particular the genus Haemophilus, bacteria of the family Micrococcaceae, in particular the genera Micrococcus and Staphylococcus, bacteria of the family Streptococcaceae, in particular the genera Streptococcus and Enterococcus and bacteria of the family Bacillaceae, in particular the genera Bacillus and Clostridium, and in the eradication of Helicobacter in ulcers of the gastrointestinal tract.
 14. Use according to claim 1 I for the preparation of a pharmaceutical preparation for the treatment of infections caused by viruses, which are selected from the group, which consists of viruses of the genus Parvoviridae, in particular parvoviruses, dependoviruses, densoviruses, Adenoviridae, in particular adenoviruses, mastadenoviruses, aviadenoviruses viruses of the genus Papovaviridae, in particular papovaviruscs, in particular papillomaviruses (‘wart” viruses), polyomaviruses, in particular JC virus, BK virus and miopapovaviruses, viruses of the genus Herpesviridae, in particular herpes simplex viruses, varicella-zoster viruses, human cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr viruses, human herpesvirus 6, human herpesvirus 7, human herpesvirus 8, viruses of the genus Poxiviridae, in particular poxviruses, orthopoxviruses, parapoxviruses, molluscum contagiosum virus, aviviruses, capriviruses, leporipoxviruses, primarily hepatotropic viruses, in particular hepatitisviruses, such as hepatitis A viruses, hepatitis B viruses, hepatitis C viruses, hepatitis D viruses, hepatitis E viruses, hepatitis F viruses, hepatitis G viruses, hepadnaviruses, in particular all hepatitisviruses, such as hepatitis B virus, hepatitis D viruses, viruses of the genus Picornaviridae, in particular picomaviruses, all enteroviruses, all polioviruses, all coxsackieviruses, all echoviruses, all rhinoviruses, hepatitis A virus, aphthoviruses, viruses of the genus Calciviridae, in particular hepatitis E viruses, viruses of the genus Reoviridae, orbiviruses, rotaviruses, viruses of the genus Togaviridae, in particular togaviruses, alphaviruses, rubiviruses, pestiviruses, rubellavirus, viruses of the genus Flaviviridae, in particular flaviviruses, FSME virus, hepatitis C virus, viruses of the genus Orthomyxoviridae, in particular influenza viruses, viruses of the genus Paramyxoviridae, in particular pararnyxoviruses, morbillivirus, pneumovirus, measles virus, mumps virus, viruses of the genus Rhabdoviridae, in particular rhabdoviruses, rabies virus, lyssavirus, vascular stomatitisvirus, viruses of the genus Coronaviridae, in particular coronaviruscs, viruses of the genus Bunyaviridae, in particular bunyaviruscs, nairovirus, phlebovirus, uukuvirus, hantavirus, hantaan virus, viruses of the genus Arenaviridae, in particular arenaviruscs, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, viruses of the genus Retroviridae, in particular retroviruses, all HTL viruses, human T-cell leukaemia virus, oncomaviruses, spumaviruses, lentiviruses, all HI viruses, viruses of the genus Filoviridae, in particular Marburg and Ebola virus, slow viruses, prions, oncoviruses and leukaemia viruses.
 15. Use according to claim 11 for the preparation of a pharmaceutical preparation for the prophylaxis and treatment of infections caused by unicellular parasites, namely the causative organisms of malaria and sleeping sickness and of Chagas' disease, toxoplasmosis, amoebic dysentery, leishmaniases, trichomoniasis, pneurnocystosis, balantidiasis, cryptosporidiosis, sarcocytosis, acanthamoebosis, naeglerosis, coecidiosis, giardiasis and lambliasis.
 16. Method for the treatment of infectious diseases, caused by bacteria, fungi or parasites, in which a therapeutically active amount of a compound defined according to claims 1 to 10 compound is administered to a patient who is taken ill with an infection caused by bacteria, fungi or parasites. 